What is the Temporomandibular Joint?
10.02.2026

The temporomandibular joint, commonly known as the jaw joint, is a type of joint located in front of the outer ear, between the mandibular condyle and the mandibular fossa.

People who experience jaw pain often conduct research and come across temporomandibular joint disorders. So, what is the temporomandibular joint? Commonly referred to as the jaw joint, the temporomandibular joint is located in front of the outer ear, between the mandibular condyle and the mandibular fossa. The main functions of this joint are sliding and rotating movements. Many people experience pain or hear sounds around this joint or within the joint itself. These symptoms are not normal and are indicators of temporomandibular joint disorders or dysfunctions. Therefore, receiving orthodontic treatment becomes essential.

Symptoms of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders

The temporomandibular joint is one of the most frequently used and most complex joints in human anatomy. Due to activities such as eating and chewing gum, it is the joint with the greatest range of motion and the highest level of activity. However, for various reasons, individuals may experience temporomandibular joint disorders. This condition is a functional disorder that often presents with pain in the chewing muscles or the jawbone. These disorders, which can arise for many different reasons, generally begin with a loss of harmony between the disc in the joint and the jaw joint surface.

For this reason, if you notice any abnormalities or differences in your jaw, you should seek treatment from a professional dentist immediately. In short, the symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorders include:

  • Severe headaches occurring daily or frequently (especially in the morning)
  • Persistent ringing in the ears
  • Clicking or grinding sounds when opening or closing the mouth, eating, or chewing gum
  • Jaw locking
  • Limited ability to open the mouth
  • Dizziness or fainting due to strain
  • Above-normal stiffness in the neck area
  • Constant pain in the neck
  • Fatigue in the jaw while chewing food
  • Pain in different areas of the face
  • Pain when closing the upper and lower teeth together
  • Frequent sensitivity in the jaw
  • Ear pain
  • Pain and strain occurring during chewing gum or yawning

Factors Causing Temporomandibular Joint Disorders

Disorders of the temporomandibular joint are very common due to physical strain or various physical factors. However, in addition to physical causes, trauma or psychological issues experienced by an individual can also lead to temporomandibular joint disorders. These disorders are particularly common during middle age.

There are multiple factors that can cause temporomandibular joint disorders. These factors include:

  1. Excessive mouth opening by straining the jaw while eating or yawning
  2. Bruxism, commonly known as teeth grinding, which can occur in individuals at certain periods
  3. Decreased biting ability due to aging
  4. Trauma resulting from adverse situations such as traffic accidents
  5. Malocclusion
  6. Incorrect practices during dental treatments
  7. Excessive nail biting or chewing gum
  8. Myofascial syndrome (oral facial pain syndrome)
  9. Incorrect use of the jaw during speech
  10. Tumors or joint dislocation
  11. Unnecessary tooth extractions

Treatment Options for Temporomandibular Joint Disorders

Although many people experience symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorders, they often try to solve the problem at home instead of seeking help from a surgeon. However, such methods can cause further damage to the jaw joint. Treatment options for temporomandibular joint disorders performed by surgeons are carried out professionally and effectively address the problem. The main treatment options include:

  • Orthognathic surgery: A treatment method preferred when there are deformities in the jaw structure.
  • Night biofeedback: A treatment method applied for teeth grinding during sleep or excessive jaw strain. EMG is used in this treatment.
  • Intraoral splint: A plastic oral appliance provided to the patient for nighttime use. It prevents contact between the upper and lower teeth.

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Tülay AKKOL

Chief Dentist

Tülay AKKOL

Chief Dentist and Tülay Akkol Dental founder Tülay Akkol shares valuable insights on dental health and care, offering practical tips for everyday life. Her articles also highlight the latest innovations and developments in dentistry, helping readers stay informed about the industry's advancements.

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